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Shanmugam, K.
- Mathematical Model for Predicting Thrust Force in Drilling of GFRP Composites by Multifaceted Drill
Abstract Views :591 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Chidambaram-608002, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Sai Ram Institute of Technology, Chennai-600 044, IN
1 Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Chidambaram-608002, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Sai Ram Institute of Technology, Chennai-600 044, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 6, No 10 (2013), Pagination: 5316-5324Abstract
In this work an attempt has been made to develop empirical relationships to model thrust force in drilling of GFRP composites by Multifaceted drill bit. The empirical relationships were developed by response surface methodology incorporating above drilling parameters. The developed model can be effectively used to predict the thrust force in drilling of GFRP composites within the factors and their limits are studied.Keywords
Drilling, GFR-polyester Composites, Modelling, Thrust Force, OptimisationFull Text
References
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- Latha B, and Senthilkumar V S (2009). Application of artificial intelligence for the prediction of delamination in drilling GFRP composites for obtaining precision holes, International Journal of Precision Technology, vol 1, No. 3/4, 314–330.
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- Gaitonde V N, Karnik S R et al. (2010). Machinability evaluation in unreinforced and reinforced peek composites using response surface models, Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, vol 23(1), 5–18.
- Ramesh S, Karunamoorthy L et al. (2008). Surface roughness analysis in machining of titanium alloy, International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing Processes, vol 23(2), 174–181.
- Latha B, and Senthilkumar V S (2009). Analysis of thrust force in drilling glass fiber-reinforced plastic composites using fuzzy logic, Materials and Manufacturing Processes, vol 24(4), 509–516.
- Palanikumar K, Karunamoorthy L et al. (2006). Modeling and analysis of cutting force in turning of GFRP composites by CBN tools, Materials and Design, vol 27(7), 862–871.
- Palanikumar K, and Karthikeyan R (2007). Assessment of factors influencing surface roughness on the machining of Al/SiC particulate composites, Materials and Design, vol 28(5), 1584–1591.
- Rajamurugan T V, and Shanmugam K (2011). Optimization of machining parameters for drilling GFR Poly-ester composites, Journal of Emerging Science and Technology, vol 2, 31–39.
- Rajamurugan T V, Shanmugam K et al. (2012). Analysis of delamination in drilling glass fiber reinforced polyester composites, Materials and Design, vol 45, 80–87.
- Palanikumar K (2007). Modeling and analysis for surface roughness in machining glass fibre reinforced plastics using response surface methodology, Materials & Design, vol 28(10), 2611–2618.
- Box G E P, Hunder W H et al. (1978). Statistics for experiments, New York, John Wiley and Sons.
- Study on the Effect of Cryogenic Treatment of T1, T4 and M42 High-Speed Steels
Abstract Views :148 |
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Authors
K. Shanmugam
1,
S. D. Pathak
1
Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9, No 41 (2016), Pagination:Abstract
Objectives: Deep cryogenic treatment is a one-time, permanent treatment affecting the entire part and not just the surface alone. Cryo treatment changes metals as a result of the martensitic transformation of retained austenite. Methods/ Statistical Analysis: Conventional Heat treatment and Cryo treatment are selected. The cryogenic fluid used here is nitrogen. An attempt is made to study the property changes mainly dwelling on the hardness of the high-speed steels before and after the Cryo treatment. Comparative studies made by modifying the quenching media oil, water and cryogenic media. Findings: The Cryo treatment using liquid nitrogen has shown the profound increase in the hardness of the tool steel materials. Moreover, by use of cryogenic treatment, multi-tempering could be avoided. From the optical microscopy studies, the actual component responsible hardness i.e. martensite is seen clearly in all the three samples but differs in the percentage of martensite content. Application/Improvements: Life of the cutting tools in the lathe, the milling and drilling will be enhanced.Keywords
Cryogenic Treatment, Hardness, High-Speed Steels, Tempering, Tool Steels.Full Text
- Corrosion and Metallurgical Characteristics of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Under NaCl Environment
Abstract Views :210 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 15, No 11 (2016), Pagination: 9-28Abstract
An investigation was carried out to quantify and characterize the corrosion behaviour of AZ31B magnesium alloy. The specimens were underwent immersion, salt spray, pitting and galvanic corrosion tests in order to quantify and characterize the corrosion rates of the AZ31B specimens with the influence of different pH values, chloride ion concentration and the corrosion time. An attempt was also made to develop an empirical relationship to predict the corrosion rate of AZ31B magnesium alloy. Three factors, five level, central composite rotatable design matrix was used to minimize the number of experimental conditions. Response surface methodology was used to develop the relationship. The developed relationship can be effectively used to predict the corrosion rate of AZ31B magnesium alloy at 95% confidence level. The results show that the corrosion rate was higher in salt spray corrosion tests than the immersion, pitting and galvanic corrosion tests.Keywords
AZ31B Magnesium Alloy, Response Surface Methodology, Corrosion Rate.
References
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- Zhou, WQ; Shan, DY; Han, EH; Ke, W: Initial corrosion behavior of AZ91 magnesium alloy in simulating acid rain under wet-dry cyclic condition, ‘Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China’, vol. 18, no. 2, 2008, 334-338.
- Zhao, M; Wu, S: A Chromium free conversion coating of magnesium alloy by a phosphate permanganate solution, ‘Surface and Coatings Technology’, vol. 200, no. 18, 2006, 5407-5412.
- Rong-chang Zeng; Jin Zhang; Wei-jiu Huang; Dietzel, W; Kainer, KU; Blawert, C; Wei Ke: Review of studies on corrosion of magnesium alloys, ‘Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China’, vol. 16, no. 2, 2006, 763-771.
- Feng Liu; Ying-Wei Song; Da-Yong Shan; En-Hou Han: Corrosion behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy in simulated acid rain solution ‘Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China’, vol. 20, 2010, 638-642.
- Lei Wang; Tadashi Shinohara; Bo-Ping Zhang: Influence of chloride, sulfate and bicarbonate anions on the corrosion behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy, ‘Journal of Alloys and Compounds’, vol. 496, no.1, 2010, 500-507.
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- Zhao, MC; Schmutz, P; Brunner, S; Liu, M; Song, G: Atrens, A: An exploratory study of the corrosion of Mg alloys during interrupted salt spray testing, ‘Corrosion Science’, vol.51, no.6, 2009, 1277–1292.
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- Performance of Plasma Transferred ARC Hard Faced Friction Stir Welding Tools for Joining AA7075-T6 Aluminium Alloy
Abstract Views :199 |
PDF Views:1
Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre for Materials Joining & Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Centre for Materials Joining & Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 15, No 5 (2016), Pagination: 17-26Abstract
In the present work an attempt was made to develop low cost high temperature wear resistance hard facing tools. The hard facing was applied on mild steel rod using chromium carbide powder and tungsten carbide powder by plasma transferred arc (PTA) hard facing technique. A comparative study was done to study the performance of hard facing tools with conventional tools. In this work, friction stir welding of AA7075-T6 plate of 6 mm thickness was investigated with an aim to understand the performance of tool materials on weld microstructure and tensile properties. The results showed that sound joints can be achieved with a joint efficiency of 83% while using PTA hard faced tools with careful selection of optimized process parameters.Keywords
Plasma Transferred Arc Hard Facing, Friction Stir Welding, Aluminum Alloy, Tensile Properties.- Microstructural Characterization and Immersion Corrosion Behavior of Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed Alumina Coatings on AZ31B Magnesium Alloy in Nacl Solution
Abstract Views :191 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 15, No 2 (2016), Pagination: 10-23Abstract
Plasma sprayed ceramic coatings are successfully used in many industrial applications, where high wear and corrosion resistance with thermal insulation are required. The corrosion degradation of a uncoated and atmospheric plasma sprayed alumina (APS) coatings on AZ31B magnesium alloy was investigated using immersion corrosion test in NaCl solutions of different chloride ion concentrations viz., 0.01 M, 0.2 M, 0.6M and 1M. The corroded surface was characterized by an optical microscope and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the corrosion deterioration of uncoated and coated samples were significantly influenced by chloride ion concentration. The uncoated magnesium and alumina coatings was found to offer a superior corrosion resistance in lower chloride ion concentration NaCl solutions (0.01M and 0.2MNaCl). On the other hand the coatings and Mg alloy substrate were found to be highly susceptible to localized damage, and could not provide an effective corrosion protection in solutions containing higher chloride concentrations (0.6M and 1 M). It was found that the corrosion resistance of the ceramic coatings and base metal gets deteriorated with the increase in the chloride concentrations.Keywords
Atmospheric Plasma Spraying, Magnesium Alloy, Chloride Ion Concentration, Corrosion, NaCl.- Friction Stir Welding of Copper Alloys by PTA Hardfaced Chromium Carbide Tools
Abstract Views :460 |
PDF Views:6
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar- 608002, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar- 608002, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Indian Welding Journal, Vol 49, No 2 (2016), Pagination: 70-78Abstract
In the present work an attempt was made to develop high temperature wear resistant hardfaced tools for friction stir welding (FSW) of commercial grade copper alloys. Hardfacing was applied on mild steel rod using chromium carbide forming powder by plasma transferred arc (PTA) hardfacing process. Commercially available tool materials like high carbon steel (HCS), high speed steel (HSS) and super high speed steel (SHSS) were also used to friction stir weld copper alloy for comparison purpose. From this investigation, it is found that the PTA hardfaced tool yielded defect free joints without tool wear compared to other tools. The optimum level of heat generation, formation of finer grains and higher hardness of stir zone are main reasons for the superior tensile properties of the joints fabricated by PTA hardfaced tungsten carbide tools.
Keywords
Plasma Transferred arc Hardfacing, Friction Stir Welding, Copper Alloy, Tensile Properties, Microstructure.- Friction STIR Welding of Copper Alloys by Pta Hardfaced Tungsten Carbide Tools
Abstract Views :164 |
PDF Views:1
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 14, No 11 (2015), Pagination: 3-11Abstract
In the present work an attempt was made to develop high temperature wear resistant hardfacing tools for friction stir welding (FSW) of commercial grade copper alloy. Hardfacing was applied on mild steel rod using Tungsten carbide forming powder by plasma transferred arc hardfacing (PTA) process. Commercially available tool materials like high carbon steel (HCS), high speed steel (HSS) and super high speed steel (SHSS) were also used to friction stir weld copper alloy for comparison purpose. From this investigation, it is found that the PTA hardfaced tool yielded defect free joints without tool wear compared to other joints. The optimum level of heat generation, formation of finer grains and higher hardness of stir zone are main reasons for the superior tensile properties of the joints fabricated by PTA hardfaced tungsten carbide tools.Keywords
Friction Stir Welding, Copper Alloy, Plasma Transferred Arc Hard Facing, Tensile Properties, Microstructure.- Statistical Analysis and Optimization of Atmospheric Plasma Spraying Parameters to Attain Maximum Corrosion Resistance in Alumina Coatings on AZ31B Magnesium Alloy
Abstract Views :151 |
PDF Views:1
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 14, No 6 (2015), Pagination: 10-26Abstract
In this study, an attempt has been made to establish an empirical relationship is developed to predict corrosion rate of the atmospheric plasma sprayed alumina coatings on AZ31B magnesium alloy by incorporating process parameters such as power, stand-off distance and powder feedrate. Statistical tools such as design of experiments, analysis of variance, and regression analysis are used to develop the relationships. The developed empirical relationship can be effectively used to predict the corrosion rate of plasma sprayed alumina coated AZ31B magnesium alloy at the 95% confidence level. Sensitivity analysis was carried out and compared with the relative impact of three process parameters on corrosion rate to verify the measurement errors on the values of the uncertainty in estimated parameters. The results indicate that the input power has the greatest influence on corrosion rate, followed by stand-off distance and powder feedrate.Keywords
Atmospheric Plasma Spraying, Corrosion Rate, Response Surface Methodology Alumina Coating.- Comparative Study of the Corrosion Behavior of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy under Immersion and Salt Fog Environments
Abstract Views :178 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Dept of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Dept of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 13, No 8 (2014), Pagination: 12-29Abstract
The comparative evaluation of corrosion behavior of AZ31B magnesium alloy was investigated by conducting immersion and salt spray tests in NaCl solution. The specimens were exposed to immersion and salt spray environments in order to characterize their corrosion rates. In addition, an attempt was made to develop an empirical relationship to predict the corrosion rate of the AZ31B magnesium alloy in immersion tests and salt spray corrosion tests using response surface methodology. The corrosion morphology observation was carried out by scanning electron microscopy. General corrosion was more prevalent on the immersion surface. However, the pits on the salt spray surface showed larger surface areas, larger volumes, and covered more area on the micrographs as compared to the pits on the immersion surfaces, due to the pit debris that trapped chloride ions within the pits. Finally, it concludes that the AZ31B magnesium alloys are suitable for immersion conditions than salt spray environments.Keywords
Magnesium Alloys, Immersion Tests, Salt Spray Tests, Corrosion Rate, Response Surface Methodology.- Predicting Porosity and Microhardness of the High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) Sprayed Iron Based Amorphous Metallic Coatings
Abstract Views :220 |
PDF Views:4
Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Protective Technologies Department, Naval Materials Research Laboratory (NMRL), Ambernath, Thane (Dist), Maharashtra, IN
1 Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Protective Technologies Department, Naval Materials Research Laboratory (NMRL), Ambernath, Thane (Dist), Maharashtra, IN
Source
Manufacturing Technology Today, Vol 16, No 1 (2017), Pagination: 18-28Abstract
Fluid handling equipment such as propellers, impellers, pumps posses the inherent risk of flow-dependent erosion-corrosion problems. Though there are many coating materials available to combat erosion-corrosion damage in the above components, iron based amorphous coatings exhibits high erosion-corrosion resistance. High velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spray process is extensively used to deposit erosion-corrosion resistance amorphous coatings. In this investigation, iron based amorphous metallic coating was deposited on 316 stainless steel using HVOF spray process by varying the parameters such as oxygen flow rate, fuel flow rate, powder feed rate, carrier gas flow rate, and spray distance. Empirical relationships were established to predict the porosity and micro hardness of iron based amorphous coating. Microstructure observations of the coating were done by optical microscope. From the results, it is found that, fuel flow rate and spray distance appeared to be the most significant parameters affecting the mechanical properties of the iron based amorphous coating.Keywords
High Velocity Oxy Fuel Spray, Iron Based Amorphous Metallic Coating, Micro-Hardness, Porosity.References
- Wood, RJK; Speyer, AJ: Erosion–corrosion of candidate HVOF aluminium-based marine coatings, ‘Wear’ vol. 256, no. 5, 2003, 545-56.
- Wang, Y; Xing, ZZ; Luo, Q; Rahman, A; Jiao, J; Qu, SJ; Zheng, YG; Shen, J: Corrosion and erosion–corrosion behaviour of activated combustion high-velocity air fuel sprayed Fe-based amorphous coatings in chloride-containing solutions, ‘Corrosion Science’ vol. 98, no. 10, 2015, 339–353.
- Zhou, H; Zhang, C; Wang, W; Yasir, M; Liu, L: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Fe-based Amorphous Composite Coatings Reinforced by Stainless Steel Powders, ‘J. Mater. Sci. Technol’, vol. 31, no. 1, 2015, 43-47.
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- Wang, YG; Zheng, YG; Ke, W; Sun, WH; Hou, WL; Chag, XC; Wang, JQ: Slurry erosion– corrosion behaviour of high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) sprayed Fe-based amorphous metallic coatings for marine pump in sand-containing NaCl solutions, ‘Corrosion Science’, vol. 53, no. 10, 2011, 3177-3185.
- Burstein, GT; Sasaki, K: Effect of impact angle on the slurry erosion corrosion of 304L stainless steel, ‘Wear’, vol. 240, no. 1-2, 2000, 80-94.
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- Murugan, K; Ragupathy, A; Balasubramanian, V; Sridhar, K; Optimizing HVOF Spray Parameters to attain minimum porosity and maximum hardness in WC-10Co-4Cr Coatings, ‘Surface and coating technology’, vol. 247, no. 1, 2014, 90-102.
- Thiruvikraman, C; Balasubramanian, V; Sridhar, K: Optimizing HVOF Spray Parameters to Maximize Bonding Strength of WC-CrC-Ni Coatings on AISI 304L Stainless Steel, ‘ASM International’, vol. 23, no. 5, 2014, 860-875.
- Doring, E; Vaben, R; Stover, D; Julich, D: The Influence of Spray Parameters on Particle Properties, ‘ITSC-International Thermal Spray Conf’ (DVS-ASM), Paper 3, 2002, 440-448
- Miller, RG; Freund, JE; Johnson, DE; Probability and Statistics for Engineers, Prentice of Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1999.
- Thirumalaikumarasamy, D; Shanmugam, K; Balasubramanian, V: Establishing empirical relationships to predict porosity level and corrosion rate of atmospheric plasma-sprayed alumina coatings on AZ31B magnesium alloy, ‘Journal of Magnesium and Alloys’, vol. 2, no. 2, 2014, 140-153.
- Montgomery, DC: Design and analysis of experiments. 2nd ed., Wiley, New York, 1984.
- Cochran, WG; Cox, GM: Experimental designs. 2nd ed., Singapore: John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pvt Ltd., 1992.
- Thirumalaikumarasamy, D; Shanmugam, K; Balasubramanian, V: Developing Empirical Relationships to Predict Porosity and Microhardness of Atmospheric Plasma-Sprayed Alumina Coatings on AZ31B Magnesium Alloy, ’J. Manuf. Sci. Prod’, vol. 15, no. 2, 2015, 169–181
- Influence of Current Pulsing on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) Welded AISI 304L Austenite Stainless Steel Joints
Abstract Views :287 |
PDF Views:8
Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre for Materials Joining & Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608002, IN
1 Centre for Materials Joining & Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608002, IN
Source
Indian Welding Journal, Vol 52, No 4 (2019), Pagination: 59-65Abstract
The Austenitic Stainless Steels (ASS) are probably the most widely used materials in stainless steels, category AISI 304L is an important grade of the ASS, which is commonly used in many of important industries such as containers of transporting chemicals, oil refinery, nuclear reactor tanks, dairy industries, and textile industries. Currently, 304L Austenitic stainless steel sheets are used as fuel tanks in Armour Fighting Vehicle (AFV). These tanks are fabricated by conventional Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding process. In conventional welding, fusion zones typically exhibit coarse columnar grains because of the prevailing thermal conditions during weld metal solidification. This often results in inferior weld mechanical properties. Interpulse Tungsten Inert Gas (IPTIG) welding is a new variant of conventional Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding process. This process offers many advantages over conventional TIG welding process such as narrow heat affected zone, deeper penetration compared to Constant Current TIG (CCTIG) and Pulsed Current TIG (PCTIG) welding processes. The present investigation was carried out to understand the effect of arc pulsing technique on cross sectional weld bead profile, micro hardness, microstructure and the tensile properties of welded joints. It is found that IPTIG welded joints showed superior mechanical properties compared to CCTIG and PCTIG joints, and this is mainly due to formation of finer grains in the fusion zone, caused by the combined effect of arc constriction and pulsating action.Keywords
Tungsten Inert Gas, Austenitic Stainless Steel, Interpulse TIG Welding, Tensile Properties, Microstructure.References
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- Effect of Rotational Speed on Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Characteristics of Rotary Friction Welded Low Alloy Steel Tube Joints
Abstract Views :47 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
R. Selvaraj
1,
K. Shanmugam
1,
P. Selvaraj
2,
Prasanna Nagasai Bellamkonda
1,
Balasubramanian Visvalingam
1
Affiliations
1 Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, MAM College of Engineering and Technology, Tiruchirappalli, IN
1 Centre for Materials Joining and Research (CEMAJOR), Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, MAM College of Engineering and Technology, Tiruchirappalli, IN